Today in History – Shortly after 10:00 p.m. on April 14, 1865, actor John Wilkes Boothentered the presidential box at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and fatally shot President Abraham Lincoln.

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Lincoln shot at Ford’s Theatre as he slumped forward in his seat, Booth leapt onto the stage and escaped out the back door. The paralyzed president was immediately examined by a doctor in the audience and then carried across the street to the Petersen House where he died early the next morning.

[D]ying as he did die, by the red hand of violence, killed, assassinated, taken off without warning, not because of personal hate…but because of his fidelity to union and liberty, he is doubly dear to us, and his memory will be precious forever.

Oration by Frederick Douglass, delivered on the occasion of the unveiling of the Freedmen’s monument in memory of Abraham Lincoln, in Lincoln Park, Washington, D. C., April 14th, 1876… Washington, D. C.: Gibson brothers, printers, 1876. African American Perspectives: Materials Selected from the Rare Book Collection. Rare Book & Special Collections Divisionnormal

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Lincoln’s assassination was the first presidential assassination in the U.S. history.

Booth carried out the attack five days after General Robert E. Lee had  surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. He thought that his action would aid the South. The suspicion that Booth had acted as part of a conspiracy of Southern sympathizers increased Northern rancor. Whether Lincoln would have been able to temper the Reconstruction policies enacted by the Radical Republicans in Congress is left to historical speculation because of his untimely death as the United States transitioned from civil war to reunification and peace.

Within days of the assassination, the War Department issued wanted posters for the arrest of Booth and his accomplices John Surratt and David Herold.

Booth and Herold eluded capture until April 26, when federal troops discovered them hiding in a tobacco barn near Bowling Green, Virginia. Herold surrendered, but Booth stayed under cover and was shot as the barn burned to the ground. He died later that day.

Booth’s co-conspirators Lewis Powell (alias Payne)— who had attempted to murder Secretary of State William H. Seward — George Atzerodt, David Herold, and Mary Surratt, all were executed for their part in the assassination conspiracy. Several other conspirators were sentenced to imprisonment.

The death of President Lincoln resulted in an outpouring of grief nationwide. After a funeral at the White House and lying in state at the U.S. Capitol, Lincoln’s body was transported to the railway station where it began a 1,700-mile journey to  Springfield, Illinois. On May 4, Lincoln was finally laid to rest in a tomb at the Oak Ridge Cemetery.

Many monuments were built to honor Abraham Lincoln over the years, across the nation and around the world. On April 14, 1876, Frederick Douglass delivered an oration at the unveiling of a monument to Lincoln located in Washington, D.C.’s Lincoln Park. Better known to the nation is another memorial to Lincoln, also located in Washington, D.C. Featuring a monumental sculpture by Daniel Chester French, the Lincoln Memorialstands at the foot of the nation’s Mall and was dedicated on May 30, 1922.

For information about each of the items see The Contents of Lincoln’s Pockets on the Evening of his Assassination

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Learn More

• To learn more about the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, visit the Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress, which includes a special presentation on the Lincoln assassination.
• The Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana presents contemporary newspapers, Lincoln’s law papers, sheet music, broadsides, prints, cartoons, maps, drawings, letters, campaign tickets, and other ephemeral items. The collection includes hundreds of items related to Lincoln’s assassination.
• The Law Library’s Lincoln and the Law includes a selection of titlesthat contain period transcripts and reports of the trial of the surviving conspirators in the murder of the President and attempted murder of other public officials.
• Joseph Holt presided over the military commission prosecuting the Lincoln assassination conspirators. The Joseph Holt Papers contain voluminous correspondence regarding the military commission as well as affidavits, depositions, transcribed testimony, various versions of the charges against the conspirators, as well as Holt’s correspondence about the trial long after the trial concluded.
• With Malice Toward None: The Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Exhibition contains a section “Now He Belongs to the Ages”, which presents a variety of items related to the assassination.
• Some people believed Booth was not the man killed in Virginia on April 26, 1865. In American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936 to 1940 a Mrs. J.D. Rylee tells of an educated gentleman who stayed with her family when she was a child. She is certain it was John Wilkes Booth. See also the interview with Virginian Robert Carter — he too believed Booth escaped capture.
• Search on the term Lincoln Memorial in Capital and The Bay: Narratives of Washington and the Chesapeake Bay Region, ca. 1600 to 1925 to find The Development of Washington with Special Reference to the Lincoln Memorial. This address, delivered in 1910 by Glenn Brown, secretary, American Institute of Architects, to the Washington [D.C.] Chamber of Commerce, discusses the future location of the Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall.
• Visit the Ford’s Theatre National Historic Site, maintained by the National Park Service, to learn more about the fateful event that occurred there.

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