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#AceNewsRoom With ‘Kindness & Wisdom’ Mar.04, 2022 @AceHistoryNews

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#AceHistoryDesk #OTD Today in History – On Monday, March 4, 1861, President James Buchanan and President-elect Abraham Lincoln left the Willard Hotel in Washington, D.C., in a horse-drawn carriage bound for the Capitol and Lincoln’s first inauguration……..There, before hundreds of citizens, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney administered the presidential oath of office, swearing in Abraham Lincoln as the sixteenth president of the United States.

I am loth (sic) to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle-field, and patriot grave, to every living heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature.

In a stirring inaugural address, delivered under the watchful guard of riflemen, Lincoln appealed for the preservation of the Union, threatened by the recent secession of seven Southern states opposed to the new leader’s policy against the expansion of slavery.
Attempting to retain his support in the North without further alienating the South, Lincoln called for compromise, promising he would not initiate force to maintain the Union or interfere with slavery in the states in which it existed. He did, however, vow to retain federal property. One month later, his refusal to surrender or evacuate Fort Sumter in South Carolina, prompted the Confederates to launch the first attack of the Civil War.Inauguration of Abraham Lincoln – March 4, 1861. Original in Benjamin Brown French Album, LOT 12251, 1861; Print by N. Spindler, cFeb 23, 1935. Prints & Photographs Division

While composing his inaugural address, Lincoln turned to four historic documents for guidance and inspiration on the issue of states’ rights: Daniel Webster’s 1830 reply to Robert Y. Hayne; President Andrew Jackson’s Nullification Proclamation of 1832; Henry Clay’s compromise speech of 1850; and the United States Constitution. Lincoln’s initial effort was typeset and printed in Illinois, edited, and reprinted. The president-elect sent copies of the second strike to his closest political advisors for commentary. Several of the final passages, including the famous concluding paragraph, were based on suggestions made by William H. Seward, Secretary of State designee.
Idaho
On March 4, 1863, President Lincoln signed an act creating Idaho Territory. (While the bill was passed on March 3, the enrolled bill was not signed by the speaker of the House and the presiding officer of the Senate until the early hours of March 4—after which Lincoln received the measure for his signature.) Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark crossed into Idaho at Lemhi Pass in 1805. At that time, approximately 8,000 Native Americans lived in the region. Originally part of the Oregon and Washington territories, fur trading and missionary work attracted the first settlers to the region. More than twenty thousand emigrants passed through southeastern Idaho during the California Gold Rush of 1849.“Idaho.” Frank French, composer; Chicago: H.M. Higgins, 1864. Historic American Sheet Music. Duke University Libraries

They say, there is a land,
Where crystal waters flow,
O’er beds of quarts and purest gold,
Way out in Idaho
Chorus:
O! wait, Idaho!
W’ere coming Idaho.
Our four ‘hos’ team will soon be seen,
Way out in Idaho

The political stability of the territorial period encouraged settlement. Almost immediately, a public school system was created, stage coach lines were established, and two newspapers, the Boise News(1863) and the Idaho Statesman (1864), began publication. In 1865, Boise replaced Lewiston as capital. The 1866 discovery of gold in Leesburg, Idaho, and the completion of the transcontinental railway in 1869 brought many new people to the territory, including Chinese laborers who came to work the mines. When President Benjamin Harrison signed the 1890 law admitting Idaho to the Union, the population was 88,548. The state still operates under its original (1889) state constitution.
As Idaho approached statehood, mining and other extractive industries became increasingly important to her economy. While Idaho’s dependence on mining has decreased, the state, which produces seventy-two types of precious and semi-precious stones, is still known as “The Gem State.” Today Idaho is a top national producer of potatoes, trout, Austrian winter peas, and lentils. Its major industries are manufacturing, agriculture, food processing, timber, and mining.

Tourism is another way that Idaho capitalizes on its natural resources. The same vast tracts of unspoiled wilderness that attracted Ernest Hemingway to the region in the early 1960s continue to provide outdoor enthusiasts with excellent camping, hunting, fishing, as well as whitewater kayaking and rafting, and skiing.
Learn More
- Discover the first-hand narratives of pioneer Idaho. Search the collection American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers’ Project, 1936 to 1940 on Idaho to read B. R. Pearson‘s recollections and Samantha T. Brimhall Foley‘s essay in remembrance of her pioneer mother.
- The Idaho State Guide compiles resources from across the Library of Congress Web site related to Idaho. A selected bibliography and links to external sites accessible on the Internet are also included.
- Search the photographic collections Edward S. Curtis’s The North American Indians and Denver Public Library Digital Collections on the terms Nez Perce and Idaho and American Indians of the Pacific Northwest on Nez Perce for images and text.
- A keyword search on Idaho in the Map Collections yields a map of the Lewis and Clark expedition.
- Rivers, Edens, Empires: Lewis & Clark and the Revealing of Americapresents the materials from explorers and cartographers in their search to connect East and West by means of a waterway passage. This includes maps, illustrations, objects, and manuscripts that document this journey.
- Visit Depression Era Idaho. The Farm Security Administration was active in the state during the 1930s. Search the Farm Security Administration/Office of War Information Black-and-White Negativescollection on Idaho to view a variety of people and places.
- Examine photographs of Idaho’s towns and countryside. Examples include image of the town of Idaho Falls and Idaho’s Sawtooth Mountains.
- Search the collection Panoramic Photographs on Idaho.
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